The New World

After centuries of territorial expansion and the invasion of Europeans, they had made profound impacts in the cultural interaction between the culture of Europeans, Indians, and Africans in the New World. Notably, it was the conversion of the religion of the natives to the religion of the colonists. The Europeans’ view of uniform of true religion was necessary for the progress of civilization and social stability (Foner p.17, 18), so this did not only destroy the existing political structures of the Indians but also convert their economic lives and spirit (Foner p. 31). Today, a religion is a personal choice not a liability.

In relation to gender, according to page 15 and 16 of the text book, Indian women didn’t hide sex before marriage, and they could even choose to divorce husbands. Moreover, families in Indian society were matriarchal. At the time, a European married man controlled of family assets and his wife had no independent legal identity. In contrast, Indian women owned houses and stuffs, and the husbands moved in with their wives' families. However, there was no statutory mixed marriage, only the sexual abuse of slave owners.

The Europeans also advance the technologies, such as metal tools and machines, gunpowder, and the scientific knowledge necessary for long-distance navigation which gave them the ability to outperform the Aztec and Inca empires, as well as other cultures in North America (Foner, p.10). After two centuries of territorial expansion and the invasion of Europeans, they formed three new empires most powerful accumulation of wealth and land of indigenous people (Foner, p.113). At the same time, large numbers of European colonists migrated to the New World (Foner, p.114). The Europeans brought with them diseases that the native people had never been known to lead to a large number of Native American people have been killed in a series of spread of horrible diseases (Foner, p. 26). To meet the great demand for labor in the new colonies, the massive import of slaves from Africa began. After this, there were many American people who belonged to the next generations of the slaves. All of these significantly increased the population of the New World although war and disease had killed natives significantly.

Study Should Be Encouraged

I have two children, a boy and a girl, and they have studied at college. My son transferred to U.C. in the South of California last quarter, and my daughter will also transfer in the next semester. I am an accounting programmer, and now I still continue to do the work for a company in Vietnam through the Internet. I usually used English, only reading, for my job when I lived in Vietnam. When I immigrated to the U.S three years ago, I challenged my children to learn English better than their father. And now, my children's English is better than my English, especially speaking and listening. Of course, I didn't admit defeat to encourage my children to compete with me, and I announced that I will also transfer to U.C. to compete with my daughter. I know that I should encourage instead of force my children for their study. Finally, I have seen positive effects for my constant effort so far.

Thank you for reading my story.

Which Level for ESL Students?

In fact, I know many people who are studying ESL but have English reading comprehension skills better than people learned English 1A, 1B, and even graduated from a university. I could see this through business classes that I learned. In the classes, there are a lot of EFL people, English as First Language, but they could not read English comprehension well. Clearly, people don't only require vocabularies and grammars but also the knowledge and experience to read comprehension.

In addition, people who learned ESL couldn't have ability or opportunity to use their English writing skills over their lifetimes, except only a minority of the people, very few, who really pursued their business in English writings. Also, the minority only succeeds in the future, not the present. In fact, a lot of people who have EFL could not have ability to use English writing skills over their lives. Think how many people are there around you using their papers in their business?

If ESL students have abilities to learn very well in their majors through the English reading comprehension skills, I don't know they should be given opportunities to study more in English classes if they have not passed writing classes before?